However, the positioning of the hand sign and the context in which it is used generally renders obvious to Italian and other Mediterranean people the meaning of the sign in a particular situation. As previously stated above, in Italy and certain other Mediterranean countries, the sign, often when pointing downwards, but occasionally also upwards, can serve also as a talismanic gesture to ward off bad luck. In many Mediterranean and Latin countries, such as Colombia, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Mexico, when directed towards someone, pointed upward, and/or swiveled back and forth, the sign offensively implies cuckoldry in regard to the targeted individual the common words for cuckolded in Greek, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese are, respectively, κερατάς ( keratas), cornuto, cornudo and corno, literally meaning "horned ". In LaVeyan Satanism, the sign of the horns is used as a traditional salutation, either for informal or ritual purposes. The sign of the horns is used during religious rituals in Wicca, to invoke or represent the Horned god. In Italy and other parts of the Mediterranean region, the gesture must usually be performed with the fingers tilting downward or in a leveled position not pointed at someone and without movement to signify the warding off of bad luck in the same region and elsewhere, the gesture may take a different, offensive, and insulting meaning if it is performed with fingers upward or if directed aggressively towards someone especially in a swiveling motion (see section below). The President of the Italian Republic, Giovanni Leone, startled the media when, while in Naples during an outbreak of cholera, he shook the hands of patients with one hand while with the other behind his back he superstitiously made the corna, presumably to ward off the disease or in reaction to being confronted by such misfortune. With fingers pointing down, it is a common Mediterranean apotropaic gesture, by which people seek protection in unlucky situations (a Mediterranean equivalent of knocking on wood). In Italy specifically, the gesture is known as the corna ('horns'). It is also used traditionally to counter or ward off the " evil eye" ( Italian: malocchio). Īn apotropaic usage of the sign can be seen in Italy and in other Mediterranean cultures where, when confronted with unfortunate events, or simply when these events are mentioned, the sign of the horns may be given to ward off further bad luck. It is also found on the Song dynasty statue of Laozi, the founder of Taoism, on Mount Qingyuan, China. It is commonly found on depictions of Gautama Buddha. In Buddhism, the Karana Mudrā is seen as an apotropaic gesture to expel demons, remove negative energy, and ward off evil. In Indian classical dance forms, it symbolizes the lion. In Hatha Yoga, a similar hand gesture – with the tips of middle and ring finger touching the thumb – is known as Apāna Mudrā, a gesture believed to rejuvenate the body. La fica, and le corna used for protection against the evil eye Religious and superstitious meaning Padmasambhava, the founder of Tibetan Buddhism, showing the Karana Mudrā. It is formed by extending the index and little fingers while holding the middle and ring fingers down with the thumb. The sign of the horns is a hand gesture with a variety of meanings and uses in various cultures. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) JSTOR ( August 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources.įind sources: "Sign of the horns" – news This article relies excessively on references to primary sources.
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